Adab of reading the Qur’an refers to the respectful practices Muslims observe when engaging with the holy text. These include being in a state of ritual purity (wudhu), dressing modestly, and ensuring the Qur’an is handled and placed in a clean, elevated position. Such practices safeguard reverence for the Qur’an as the literal word of Allah. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ emphasized that the Qur’an should not be recited except by those who are clean and sincere (Hadith, Sunan Abu Dawud).
The etiquettes also extend to spiritual and behavioral conduct. Reciters are encouraged to begin with ta‘awwudh (seeking refuge from Shayṭān) and basmalah, maintain humility, and recite with proper tajwīd. The Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) and classical scholars like Imam al-Nawawi highlight avoiding distractions, refraining from idle talk, and practicing sincerity (ikhlās) while reciting. These etiquettes ensure that recitation is not only an act of worship but also a means of reflection, focus, and connection with Allah’s words.
Etiquette (Adab) of Reading the Quran
What Is the Importance of Physical and Spiritual Purity Before Reciting the Quran?
Physical and spiritual purity is mandatory before Quran recitation. The body, clothes, and surrounding area must be clean. Wudhu (ablution) is required before touching the Quran, and using Miswaak (tooth stick) during Wudhu is recommended. If Wudhu is impossible due to an emergency, Tayammum (dry ablution) suffices when handling the Quran to prevent damage or disrespect.
Spiritual purification involves intention and focus. The reciter should approach the Quran with sincerity, avoiding distractions. The Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) emphasized cleanliness, linking it to worship. Imam Qurtubi stated that touching the Quran without Wudhu is prohibited unless necessary for its protection.
How Should One Prepare the Environment for Quran Recitation?
The recitation space must be clean and respectful. The area should be free from noise and distractions, facing the Qiblah if possible. The Quran should be placed on an elevated surface, not on the floor, and no other objects should be placed on top of it.
Proper posture enhances focus. Sitting upright, not leaning back, is recommended outside prayer. Dressing modestly, as if meeting a noble figure, reinforces reverence. Mobile phones and idle talk should be avoided to maintain concentration.
What Are the Proper Ways to Begin Quran Recitation?
Starting with specific invocations is essential. The reciter should begin with A’oozu Billahi minash shaytanir rajeem (seeking refuge from Satan) and Bismillah Hir Rahman Nir Raheem (in the name of Allah). These phrases are repeated at the start of each Surah except Surah At-Tawbah.
Tajweed rules must be followed. Correct pronunciation ensures the Quran is recited as revealed. The Prophet Muhammad (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) recited with measured clarity, never rushing. Each letter pronounced correctly earns ten good deeds.
What Is the Recommended Tone and Manner of Recitation?
A moderate, melodious tone is preferred. The voice should be clear and pleasant, avoiding singing or theatrical styles. Loud recitation is permissible unless it risks insincerity or disturbs others.
Emotional engagement is encouraged. Weeping at verses about punishment and expressing joy at descriptions of Paradise reflect deep understanding. The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) often paused at such verses to seek Allah’s mercy or blessings.
How Should One Handle the Quran Physically?
The Quran must be treated with utmost respect. It should be held with the right hand, never tossed or placed under other books. Turning pages with saliva is forbidden. If Quranic writing is washed, the water must be disposed of respectfully, not in impure places.
Memorization safeguards the Quran. Forgetting memorized verses is considered sinful. Children typically take two years to learn the Quran fluently, while adults may require months of dedicated practice. Professional teachers and quiet environments aid effective learning.
What Are the Prohibited Actions During Quran Recitation?
Certain behaviors nullify reverence. Using the Quran as a pillow, leaning on it, or reciting in restrooms is forbidden. Miniaturizing the Quran or mixing it with non-Quranic content is also prohibited.
Interruptions should be minimized. Yawning, coughing up phlegm, or engaging in unnecessary speech breaks concentration. Reciting in noisy markets or over others’ recitation is discouraged.
What Should Be Done After Completing Quran Recitation?
Closing with supplication is recommended. The reciter should affirm Allah’s truth and the Prophet’s message. Starting the Quran anew after finishing it maintains continuity.
Reflection deepens understanding. Pausing at historical accounts and unusual words to research meanings enhances comprehension. The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) completed the Quran in no less than three days, emphasizing measured recitation.
What Are the Rewards of Following Quranic Etiquette?
Each letter recited brings divine reward. Proper adherence multiplies blessings. The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) promised that reciting ten verses in Qiyam (night prayer) prevents forgetfulness, while a hundred verses earn devout status.
Correcting mistakes is obligatory. If someone recites incorrectly, they must be corrected unless it causes resentment. Listening to skilled reciters, like those from Riwaq Al Quran, improves proficiency.